{"id":13226,"date":"2020-05-20T16:23:39","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T14:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/?p=13226"},"modified":"2020-05-20T16:33:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-20T14:33:10","slug":"dns-sunucusu-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/dns-sunucusu-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS Sunucusu Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/dns-kaydi-nedir-dns-kayit-turleri-nelerdir\/\">DNS<\/a> (Domain Name System) \u0130nternet&#8217;in telefon defteri gibidir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na &#8216;google.com&#8217; veya &#8216;ihs.com.tr&#8217; gibi alan adlar\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu siteler i\u00e7in do\u011fru olan <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/ip-adresleri-nedir-ve-nasil-calisir\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IP adresini<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> bulmaktan DNS sorumludur. Taray\u0131c\u0131lar daha sonra web sitesi bilgilerine eri\u015fmek amac\u0131yla,<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">origin sunucular\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> veya <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/cdn-nedir-site-performansini-nasil-iyilestirir\/\">CDN<\/a> edge sunucular\u0131<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in bu adresleri kullan\u0131rlar. T\u00fcm bunlar DNS sunucular\u0131 sayesinde olur ve <strong>DNS sunucular\u0131 DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in programlanm\u0131\u015f makinelerdir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/sunucu-nedir-ne-ise-yarar\/\">Sunucu<\/a>, &#8216;istemciler&#8217; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve di\u011fer programlara hizmet vermek i\u00e7in olu\u015fturulmu\u015f bir cihaz veya programd\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011fu modern masa\u00fcst\u00fc ve mobil i\u015fletim sisteminde yerle\u015fik olarak bulunan DNS istemcileri, web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n DNS sunucular\u0131yla etkile\u015fime girmesini sa\u011flar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_77 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0130\u00e7erik Tablosu<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dac72fb0207\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69dac72fb0207\" aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/dns-sunucusu-nedir\/#DNS-Sunuculari-Nasil-Calisir\" >DNS Sunucular\u0131 Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/dns-sunucusu-nedir\/#DNS-Onbellekleme-Nedir\" >DNS \u00d6nbellekleme Nedir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/dns-sunucusu-nedir\/#DNS-sunuculari-hata-verdiginde-ne-olur\" >DNS sunucular\u0131 hata verdi\u011finde ne olur?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS-Sunuculari-Nasil-Calisir\"><\/span><strong>DNS Sunucular\u0131 Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Herhangi bir \u00f6nbellek i\u00e7ermeyen DNS sorgusunda, istemciye bir IP adresini sunmak i\u00e7in di\u011fer d\u00f6rt sunucu birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yinelemeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler (Recursive Rsolvers)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Root ad sunucular\u0131 (Root Nameservers)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/en-populer-alan-adi-uzantilari-top-level-domain-tld-nelerdir\/\">TLD<\/a>(Top-Level-Domain) ad sunucular\u0131 (Nameservers)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yetkili ad sunucular\u0131 (Authoritative Nameservers)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>DNS yineleyicisi (DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak da bilinir)<\/strong>, sorguyu DNS istemcisinden alan ve daha sonra do\u011fru IP&#8217;yi bulmak i\u00e7in di\u011fer DNS sunucular\u0131yla etkile\u015fime giren bir sunucudur. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc istemciden bir istek ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kendisi de bir istemci gibi davran\u0131r ve do\u011fru IP&#8217;yi aramak i\u00e7in di\u011fer \u00fc\u00e7 t\u00fcrdeki DNS sunucusunu sorgular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0130lk olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc root ad sunucusunu sorgular. <strong>Root sunucu, insanlar taraf\u0131ndan okunabilen alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 IP adreslerine \u00e7evirmenin (\u00e7\u00f6zmenin) ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Root sunucu daha sonra \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcye, alan adlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgileri depolayan bir <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/ust-duzey-domain-tld-nedir\/\">\u00dcst D\u00fczey Alan Ad\u0131 (TLD)<\/a> DNS sunucusunun (.com veya .net gibi) adresiyle yan\u0131t verir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ard\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc, TLD sunucusunu sorgular. TLD sunucusu, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/domain\/alan-adi-domain-tescili.html\">alan ad\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> yetkili ad sunucusunun IP adresiyle yan\u0131t verir. Ard\u0131ndan, yineleyici, kaynak sunucunun IP adresiyle yan\u0131t verecek olan yetkili ad sunucusunu sorgular.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc son olarak kaynak sunucu IP adresini istemciye iletir. Bu IP adresini kullanarak, istemci daha sonra do\u011frudan origin sunucuya bir sorgu ba\u015flatabilir ve bu sunucu, web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yorumlanabilen ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenebilen web sitesi verileri g\u00f6ndererek sorguyu yan\u0131tlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS-Onbellekleme-Nedir\"><\/span><strong>DNS \u00d6nbellekleme Nedir?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yukar\u0131da \u00f6zetlenen i\u015fleme ek olarak, yinelemeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f verileri kullan\u0131larak da DNS sorgular\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zebilirler. <strong>Bir web sitesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru IP adresini ald\u0131ktan sonra, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc bu bilgileri belli bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nbelle\u011finde saklar. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda, ba\u015fka herhangi bir istemci bu alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in istek g\u00f6nderirse, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc bildi\u011fimiz DNS sorgulama i\u015flemlerini atlayabilir ve yaln\u0131zca \u00f6nbelle\u011fe kaydedilen IP adresiyle istemciye yan\u0131t verebilir.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00d6nbellekte saklama s\u00fcresi doldu\u011funda, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn IP adresini tekrar almas\u0131 ve \u00f6nbelle\u011finde yeni bir giri\u015f olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu zaman limiti her sitenin<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda<\/span> <strong>time to live (TTL)<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> terimi ile a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde belirtilmi\u015ftir.<strong>Genellikle TTL s\u00fcresi 24-48 saatlik bir zaman dilimidir.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/sunucu-kiralama\/bulut-sunucu.html\">Web sunucular\u0131<\/a> bazen IP adreslerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdikleri i\u00e7in bir TTL belirlenmesi zorunludur, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler, ayn\u0131 IP&#8217;yi \u00f6nbellek \u00fczerinden s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde sunamazlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DNS-sunuculari-hata-verdiginde-ne-olur\"><\/span><strong>DNS sunucular\u0131 hata verdi\u011finde ne olur?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>DNS sunucular\u0131, elektrik kesintileri, siber sald\u0131r\u0131lar ve donan\u0131m ar\u0131zalar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle kesinti ya\u015fayabilir.<\/strong> \u0130nternetin ilk zamanlar\u0131nda, DNS sunucusu kesintileri kullan\u0131c\u0131lar \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yarat\u0131yordu. Neyse ki, bug\u00fcn DNS i\u00e7erisinde yedekleme yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. \u00d6rne\u011fin, root DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131n ve TLD isim sunucular\u0131n\u0131n birden fazla \u00f6rne\u011fi mevcuttur ve \u00e7o\u011fu ISP, kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in yedek yinelemeli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler bulundurur. (<strong>Bireysel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi genel DNS \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerini de kullanabilirler: <\/strong><\/span><strong>Cloudflare 1.1.1.1<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En pop\u00fcler web sitelerinin yetkili ad sunucular\u0131n\u0131n genellikle birden fazla \u00f6rne\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u00fcy\u00fck bir DNS sunucusu kesinti ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, baz\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/cdn-nedir-site-performansini-nasil-iyilestirir\/\">yedekleme sunucular\u0131<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenen isteklerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu fazlaysa gecikmeler ya\u015fanabilir, ancak \u0130nternet&#8217;in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmaz hale gelmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck oranlarda bir DNS kesintisi gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Blogumuza abone olarak g\u00fcncel i\u00e7eriklerimizi takip edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNS (Domain Name System) \u0130nternet&#8217;in telefon defteri gibidir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar web taray\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na &#8216;google.com&#8217; veya &#8216;ihs.com.tr&#8217; gibi alan adlar\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu siteler i\u00e7in do\u011fru&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":13229,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sunucu"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13226"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13233,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13226\/revisions\/13233"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13226"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}