<\/span><\/h3>\nUbuntu 18.04 ile birlikte a\u011f yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Netplan adl\u0131 yeni bir ara\u00e7 sunulmu\u015ftur. Netplan, YAML format\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan basit yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve hem NetworkManager hem de systemd-networkd gibi arka u\u00e7 sistemlerini y\u00f6netebilir.<\/p>\n
Netplan Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Bulunmas\u0131 ve Yedeklenmesi<\/h4>\n
Netplan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 genellikle `\/etc\/netplan\/` dizininde bulunur ve `.yaml` uzant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Dosya ad\u0131 `01-netcfg.yaml`, `50-cloud-init.yaml` veya benzeri bir isim olabilir. D\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mevcut yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 yedeklemek her zaman iyi bir fikirdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: `sudo cp \/etc\/netplan\/50-cloud-init.yaml \/etc\/netplan\/50-cloud-init.yaml.bak`<\/p>\n
YAML Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Statik IP Bilgileriyle D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/h4>\n
YAML dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici (nano, vim vb.) ile a\u00e7\u0131n. Mevcut DHCP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 (`dhcp4: true`) kald\u0131r\u0131p yerine statik IP bilgilerinizi girin. Dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir (kendi aray\u00fcz ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve IP bilgilerinizi kullan\u0131n):<\/p>\n
\n network:<\/strong>
\n version: 2<\/strong>
\n ethernets:<\/strong>
\n ens3:<\/strong>
\n dhcp4: no<\/strong>
\n addresses: [192.168.1.100\/24]<\/strong>
\n gateway4: 192.168.1.1<\/strong>
\n nameservers:<\/strong>
\n addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n\u00d6nemli:<\/b> YAML format\u0131 girintilere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok hassast\u0131r. Bo\u015fluklar\u0131 do\u011fru ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\nYap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131n Test Edilmesi ve Uygulanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in `sudo netplan try` komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Bu komut, ayarlar\u0131 120 saniyeli\u011fine uygular. Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z kopmazsa, Enter tu\u015funa basarak ayarlar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirebilirsiniz. E\u011fer bir sorun olursa, 120 saniye sonunda eski ayarlar otomatik olarak geri y\u00fcklenecektir. Her \u015fey yolundaysa, `sudo netplan apply` komutu ile ayarlar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak uygulayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
<\/span>\/etc\/network\/interfaces Dosyas\u0131 ile Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Debian ve Eski Ubuntu S\u00fcr\u00fcmleri)<\/span><\/h3>\nBu geleneksel y\u00f6ntem, Debian ve Ubuntu’nun 18.04’ten \u00f6nceki s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Yap\u0131land\u0131rma, `\/etc\/network\/interfaces` dosyas\u0131 \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
interfaces Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Yedeklenmesi ve D\u00fczenlenmesi<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle dosyay\u0131 yedekleyin: `sudo cp \/etc\/network\/interfaces \/etc\/network\/interfaces.bak`. Ard\u0131ndan dosyay\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici ile a\u00e7\u0131n. DHCP sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 (`iface eth0 inet dhcp`) bulun ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi statik yap\u0131land\u0131rma ile de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
\n auto eth0<\/strong>
\n iface eth0 inet static<\/strong>
\n address 192.168.1.101<\/strong>
\n netmask 255.255.255.0<\/strong>
\n gateway 192.168.1.1<\/strong>
\n dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4<\/strong>\n<\/p>\nBurada `eth0` yerine kendi a\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fc ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yazmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
A\u011f Servisinin Yeniden Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra, a\u011f servisini yeniden ba\u015flatarak yeni ayarlar\u0131n etkinle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in `sudo systemctl restart networking` veya `sudo \/etc\/init.d\/networking restart` komutlar\u0131ndan birini kullanabilirsiniz. Bu i\u015flemden sonra ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine kesilebilir ve yeni IP adresi ile yeniden ba\u011flanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
<\/span>RHEL \/ CentOS \/ AlmaLinux \/ Rocky Linux Tabanl\u0131 Sistemlerde Statik IP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\nRed Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ve t\u00fcrevleri olan CentOS, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux gibi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mlar, a\u011f y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in NetworkManager arac\u0131n\u0131 yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131r. Hem modern `nmcli` komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131 hem de geleneksel `ifcfg` komut dosyalar\u0131 ile yap\u0131land\u0131rma yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
<\/span>NetworkManager Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Arac\u0131 (nmcli) ile Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/span><\/h3>\n`nmcli`, NetworkManager’\u0131 komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6zellikle sunucu otomasyonu ve betikleme i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Mevcut Ba\u011flant\u0131 Profilinin G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesi<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle mevcut a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131 profillerini ve cihazlar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in `nmcli connection show` veya k\u0131saca `nmcli con show` komutunu kullan\u0131n. Yap\u0131land\u0131rmak istedi\u011finiz ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, `ens3`) buradan \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n
IP Adresi, A\u011f Ge\u00e7idi ve DNS Bilgilerinin Ayarlanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kendi bilgilerinizle g\u00fcncelleyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. `ens3` yerine kendi ba\u011flant\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yaz\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n- `sudo nmcli con mod ens3 ipv4.method manual`<\/li>\n
- `sudo nmcli con mod ens3 ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.102\/24`<\/li>\n
- `sudo nmcli con mod ens3 ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1`<\/li>\n
- `sudo nmcli con mod ens3 ipv4.dns “8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4″`<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n Yeniden Aktif Edilmesi<\/h4>\n
Ayarlar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir. `sudo nmcli con down ens3` komutu ile ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kapat\u0131p, `sudo nmcli con up ens3` komutu ile tekrar a\u00e7abilirsiniz. Bu i\u015flemden sonra yeni IP adresiniz aktif olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/span>ifcfg Komut Dosyalar\u0131 ile Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (Geleneksel Y\u00f6ntem)<\/span><\/h3>\nBu y\u00f6ntem, `\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/` dizinindeki aray\u00fcze \u00f6zel yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeyi i\u00e7erir. NetworkManager’\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya kullan\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 eski sistemlerde standart y\u00f6ntem budur.<\/p>\n
\u0130lgili ifcfg Dosyas\u0131n\u0131n Bulunmas\u0131 ve Yedeklenmesi<\/h4>\n
A\u011f aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 `\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/` dizininde `ifcfg-` \u00f6n ekiyle bulunur (\u00f6rn: `ifcfg-ens3`). D\u00fczenlemeden \u00f6nce yedekleyin: `sudo cp \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3 \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-ens3.bak`.<\/p>\n
Dosyan\u0131n Statik IP Bilgileriyle G\u00fcncellenmesi<\/h4>\n
Dosyay\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici ile a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametreleri kendi bilgilerinizle g\u00fcncelleyin veya ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\n BOOTPROTO=”static”<\/strong>
\n ONBOOT=”yes”<\/strong>
\n IPADDR=”192.168.1.103″<\/strong>
\n NETMASK=”255.255.255.0″<\/strong>
\n GATEWAY=”192.168.1.1″<\/strong>
\n DNS1=”8.8.8.8″<\/strong>
\n DNS2=”8.8.4.4″<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n`BOOTPROTO` de\u011ferini `dhcp` yerine `static` olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011finizden emin olun.<\/p>\n
A\u011f Servisinin Yeniden Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra, a\u011f servisini yeniden ba\u015flatarak ayarlar\u0131 uygulay\u0131n: `sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager` (e\u011fer NetworkManager kullan\u0131l\u0131yorsa) veya `sudo systemctl restart network` (eski sistemler i\u00e7in).<\/p>\n
<\/span>Windows Server \u0130\u015fletim Sisteminde Statik IP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/span><\/h2>\nWindows Server \u00fczerinde statik IP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 yerine genellikle grafiksel kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc (GUI) \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015flemler olduk\u00e7a basittir ve birka\u00e7 ad\u0131mda tamamlanabilir.<\/p>\n
<\/span>A\u011f ve Payla\u015f\u0131m Merkezi’ne (Network and Sharing Center) Eri\u015fim<\/span><\/h3>\nBa\u015flat men\u00fcs\u00fcne sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131p “A\u011f Ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131”n\u0131 (Network Connections) se\u00e7erek veya Denetim Masas\u0131 (Control Panel) \u00fczerinden “A\u011f ve Payla\u015f\u0131m Merkezi”ni a\u00e7arak i\u015flemlere ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
<\/span>Ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131n (Adapter Settings) De\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi<\/span><\/h3>\nA\u011f ve Payla\u015f\u0131m Merkezi penceresinin sol taraf\u0131ndaki men\u00fcden “Ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirin” (Change adapter settings) se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu, sisteminizdeki t\u00fcm a\u011f ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 listeleyen bir pencere a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n