{"id":8275,"date":"2016-07-27T14:38:33","date_gmt":"2016-07-27T12:38:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ihs.com.tr\/blog\/?p=8275"},"modified":"2019-01-04T09:26:43","modified_gmt":"2019-01-04T07:26:43","slug":"wordpressin-temel-ozelliklerini-ve-dosya-yapisini-anlamak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wordpressin-temel-ozelliklerini-ve-dosya-yapisini-anlamak\/","title":{"rendered":"WordPress’in Temel \u00d6zelliklerini ve Dosya Yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak"},"content":{"rendered":"

WordPress web siteniz ile etkile\u015fimde bulunman\u0131z ve hangi dosyan\u0131n hangi fonksiyonu yerine getirece\u011fini bilmeniz tamamiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ve t\u00fcm bunlar web sitenizin \u00fczerinde y\u00fcksek dereceli bir kontrol elde etmeniz i\u00e7in elzemdir. Hi\u00e7 olmazsa bu durum, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek hatalar\u0131<\/a> \u00e7ok daha kolay bir \u015fekilde giderebilmenizi sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Her WordPress y\u00fcklemesi, ayn\u0131 dizin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131 ile ba\u015flar. Y\u00fckledi\u011finiz her eklenti ve tema, ekledi\u011finiz her komut ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnen her hata ekran\u0131, WordPress i\u00e7erik portal\u0131n\u0131n omurgas\u0131 sayesinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu dosyalar \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapma fikri korkutucu bir fikir gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor olsa da, g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha basittir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Makale boyunca en \u00f6nemli WordPress klas\u00f6rlerinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini inceleyece\u011fiz, e\u011fer siz de \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131n sitenizi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmesini istiyorsan\u0131z t\u00fcm dikkatinizi buraya vermelisiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

WordPress Dizin Yap\u0131s\u0131 Tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00fcr\u00fcst\u00e7e belirtiyoruz WordPress dosya yap\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a basittir. Bu yap\u0131ya de\u011finmek gerekirse, wp-config.php<\/em><\/strong> ve .htaccess<\/em><\/strong> gibi bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bir httpdocs<\/em> ( public_html ) klas\u00f6r\u00fc var. E\u011fer ilk defa WordPress y\u00fcklemenizin inceliklerine iniyorsan\u0131z, \u015fansl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z ki orada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z isimlere zaten a\u015finas\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu dosya ve klas\u00f6rlere eri\u015febilmeniz i\u00e7in ya hosting<\/a> servisinizin dosya y\u00f6neticisini<\/a> ya da File Transfer Protocol’\u00fcn\u00fc( Dosya aktar\u0131m protokol\u00fc:FTP ) kullanman\u0131z gerekiyor. Bu k\u0131lavuza uygun olarak, FileZilla’y\u0131 kullan\u0131yor olaca\u011f\u0131z. Sizin se\u00e7iminiz ne olursa olsun se\u00e7ti\u011finiz \u015fey httpdocs<\/strong> ( public_html )<\/em> klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7inde olmal\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"httpdocs\"<\/p>\n

\u00dcst d\u00fczey klas\u00f6rlerin i\u00e7ine girmeden \u00f6nce, httpdocs<\/em><\/strong> klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7ine koyulmu\u015f dosyalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131na bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. \u0130lk olarak .htaccess<\/em><\/strong> (\u201chypertext access\u201d) dosyas\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fiz. Bu dosya WordPress kurulumunuz boyunca kal\u0131c\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 ( permalink )yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, dosyalar\u0131 ve klas\u00f6rleri kontrol etmenizi ve onlara eri\u015fmenizi sa\u011flar. \u00d6rnek bir .htaccess dosyas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c><\/span>
\nRewriteEngine On<\/span>
\nRewriteBase \/<\/span>
\nRewriteRule ^index\\.php$ – [L]<\/span>
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f<\/span>
\nRewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d<\/span>
\nRewriteRule . \/index.php [L]<\/span>
\n<\/IfModule><\/span>
\n<IfModule mod_rewrite.c><\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli dosya da wp-config.php<\/em><\/strong> WordPress’in taban yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir ve MySQL ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, gizli anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve veritaban\u0131 tablonuzun \u00f6nekini i\u00e7erir. Veritaban\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\/\/ ** MySQL settings – You can get this info from your web host ** \/\/<\/span>
\n\/** The name of the database for WordPress *\/<\/span>
\ndefine(‘DB_NAME’, ‘veritabani-adi’);<\/span>
\n\/** MySQL database username *\/<\/span>
\ndefine(‘DB_USER’, ‘veritabani-kullanici-adi’);<\/span>
\n\/** MySQL database password *\/<\/span>
\ndefine(‘DB_PASSWORD’, ‘veritabani-kullanici-adi-parolasi’);<\/span>
\n\/** MySQL hostname *\/<\/span>
\ndefine(‘DB_HOST’, ‘localhost’);<\/span><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00f6nemli dosya ise kay\u0131t olma, giri\u015f yapma ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 onay s\u00fcrecini i\u00e7eren wp-activate.php<\/em>, wp-signup.php<\/em>, ve wp-signup.php<\/em> dosyalar\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca yorumlama fonksiyonunu y\u00f6neten ve yorumlar\u0131n tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen wp-comments-post.php<\/em> dosyas\u0131 ve WordPress de\u011fi\u015fkenlerini ayarlayan wp-settings.php<\/em> dosyas\u0131 da mevcut.<\/span><\/p>\n

wp-admin<\/em><\/strong> Klas\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"wp-admin\"<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi bu bir WordPress y\u00f6netici ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z ile ili\u015fkin dosyalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran klas\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Klas\u00f6rlerin kalbi olan admin.php, \u00f6rne\u011fin; veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanman\u0131z\u0131, WordPress g\u00f6sterge panelini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemenizi ve temel fonksiyonlardan herhangi birini yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Bu klas\u00f6rdeki dosyalar\u0131n isimlerine dikkat ederseniz, \u00e7o\u011fu WordPress g\u00f6sterge panelinden bildi\u011finiz fonksiyonlarla \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; profile.php dosyas\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 profili y\u00f6netim ekran\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netir, theme-install.php dosyas\u0131 tema y\u00fckleme panelini kontrol eder ve plugin-install.php dosyas\u0131 da eklenti paneliniz i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 i\u015fi yapar.<\/span><\/p>\n

wp-admin dahilindeki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli klas\u00f6rlere gelince; images, WordPress y\u00f6netim panelinde kullan\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerdir, css ve js klas\u00f6rleri CSS kodu ve JavaScript kodlar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r, ve network klas\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde bulunan PHP dosyalar\u0131 da WordPress \u00e7oklu siteleri<\/strong> y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/span>
\nwp-content Klas\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"wp-content\"
\nMuhtemelen zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu wp-content klas\u00f6r\u00fc i\u00e7erisinde harc\u0131yorsunuzdur. Buras\u0131 WordPress ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n son k\u0131sm\u0131, burada iki en pop\u00fcler fonksiyon mevcut, tabii ki Temalardan ve Eklentilerden s\u00f6z ediyoruz:<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nPlugin ( Eklenti ) Klas\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"plugins\"
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nWordPress’e upload etti\u011finiz her eklenti, plugins klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bir alt klas\u00f6r olacakt\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n her birinin i\u00e7eri\u011fi, eklentiden eklentiye de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6sterir. \u015eimdi hemen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Akismet eklentisinin klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7eri\u011fine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6z ataca\u011f\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"aksiment\"
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nSorun giderme<\/a> makalelerimizde belirtti\u011fimiz gibi WordPress\u2019te 403 Forbidden Error hatas\u0131 ya da 500 Internal Server Error gibi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, FTP \u00fczerinden eklentileri devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak, uyumluluk sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in atman\u0131z gereken ad\u0131m olabilir.<\/span>
\nThemes(Tema) Klas\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"themes\"
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nEklentilerde oldu\u011fu gibi WordPress sitenize indirdi\u011finiz her tema kendi ad\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir klas\u00f6r olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhtemelen daha \u00f6nce eri\u015fti\u011finiz herhangi bir teman\u0131n klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn, bir grup PHP dosyas\u0131ndan ibaret oldu\u011funu yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz. Ana klas\u00f6r\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bir 404.php dosyas\u0131, bir functions.php dosyas\u0131 , bir sidebar.php dosyas\u0131 ve bir de style.css dosyas\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok dosyay\u0131 daha g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n

wp-includes Klas\u00f6r\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\"wp-includes\"<\/p>\n

WordPress dizinindeki son \u00f6nemli klas\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz; wp-includes. Bu klas\u00f6r en b\u00fcy\u00fck olanlardan bir tanesi. Y\u00f6netici fonksiyonlar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en gerekli t\u00fcm klas\u00f6rler wp-admin’in i\u00e7indedir ve wp-content de t\u00fcm eklenti ve temalar\u0131 depolar, son olarak da wp-includes klas\u00f6r\u00fc de sitenizde geriye kalan ve saat gibi t\u0131k\u0131r\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan her \u015feyi i\u00e7erir.
\n<\/span>
\nBu klas\u00f6r, WordPress’in \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. WordPress y\u00fcklemek, ana dizinde 140 farkl\u0131 dosyay\u0131 ve Sertifika, Font (yaz\u0131 tipleri), js, tema ve widget’lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren 14 farkl\u0131 klas\u00f6r\u00fc an\u0131nda olu\u015fturur.
\n<\/span>
\nBu alt klas\u00f6rler functions.php gibi ana klas\u00f6rde bulunan dosyalar kadar \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck dosya WordPress’in \u00e7ekirde\u011finin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in WordPress kurulumunu sa\u011flayan bir \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fonksiyon ile doludur. Bir \u00f6rnek verecek olursak; metin edit\u00f6r\u00fcndeki bir dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7acak olursan\u0131z g\u00f6rece\u011finiz ilk \u015fey, bu kod sat\u0131rlar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r ve bunlar farkl\u0131 formatlardaki tarihleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek anlam\u0131na gelen normal fonksiyonlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n

* Convert given date string into a different format.<\/span>
\n*<\/span>
\n* $format should be either a PHP date format string, e.g. ‘U’ for a Unix<\/span>
\n* timestamp, or ‘G’ for a Unix timestamp assuming that $date is GMT.<\/span>
\n*<\/span>
\n* If $translate is true then the given date and format string will<\/span>
\n* be passed to date_i18n() for translation.<\/span>
\n*<\/span>
\n* @since 0.71<\/span>
\n*<\/span>
\n* @param string $format Format of the date to return.<\/span>
\n* @param string $date Date string to convert.<\/span>
\n* @param bool $translate Whether the return date should be translated. Default true.<\/span>
\n* @return string|int|bool Formatted date string or Unix timestamp. False if $date is empty.<\/span>
\n*\/<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nfunction mysql2date( $format, $date, $translate = true ) {<\/span>
\nif ( empty( $date ) )<\/span>
\nreturn false;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nif ( ‘G’ == $format )<\/span>
\nreturn strtotime( $date . ‘ +0000’ );<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\n$i = strtotime( $date );<\/span>
\nif ( ‘U’ == $format )<\/span>
\nreturn $i;<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>
\nif ( $translate )<\/span>
\nreturn date_i18n( $format, $i );<\/span>
\nelse<\/span>
\nreturn date( $format, $i );<\/span>
\n}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7erdi\u011fi di\u011fer \u00f6nemli dosyalar da cache.php (\u00f6nbellekten veri kald\u0131rma ya da \u00f6nbelle\u011fe veri ekleme i\u015flemlerini y\u00f6netir) dosyas\u0131, link.php (WordPress’in ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini y\u00f6neten fonksiyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir) dosyas\u0131 ve version.php hangi WordPress s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6steren dosyad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/strong>
\nWordPress’inizin derinlerine inmek anla\u015f\u0131labilir bir \u015fekilde korkutucu olsa da, biraz pratik ve biraz da ara\u015ft\u0131rma ile k\u0131sa zamanda \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bilebilecek konuma gelebilirsiniz. Bu bilgiler ku\u015fkusuz ki gelecekte \u00e7ok kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 gelmeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/span>
\nUnutmamak gerekir ki her yolculuk k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck birka\u00e7 ad\u0131mla ba\u015flar ve devam\u0131 gelir. Sizin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131z \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span>
\n1.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0WordPress dizin yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki klas\u00f6rleri tan\u0131y\u0131n ve \u00f6zellikle \u015fu 3 klas\u00f6re dikkat edin; wp-admin, wp-content ve wp-includes klas\u00f6rleri.<\/span>
\n2.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0wp-config.php, functions.php ve .htaccess dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n da aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu WordPress \u00e7ekirdek dosyalar\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131n.
\n<\/span>
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yorum b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden bizimle deneyimlerinizi payla\u015fabilirsiniz!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

WordPress web siteniz ile etkile\u015fimde bulunman\u0131z ve hangi dosyan\u0131n hangi fonksiyonu yerine getirece\u011fini bilmeniz tamamiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ve t\u00fcm bunlar web sitenizin \u00fczerinde…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8276,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,397],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haberler","category-wordpress"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8275"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8288,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8275\/revisions\/8288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8276"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihs.com.tr\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}